Strategies in the Treatment of the Passions (from Antiphon to Socrates)
Keywords:
Antiphon, Socrates, akrasia, kátharsisAbstract
Classic and Archaic Greece developed different attitudes towards the idea of drive or impulse. The oldest one consists in treating it as an external event which is essentially uncontrollable and something one just undergoes, and so the “victim” of passion deserves compassion instead of criticism and contempt. According to that view, passions are a kind of sickness for which one is not properly responsible. Antiphon developed a strategy of intervention for some forms of serious mental illness that was based on rhetoric, and this allowed him to emphasize in an effective way the idea of the intolerability of one’s own condition. Socrates’ strategy seems to be based on a pre-comprehension of the passions.
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